The Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) also known as Short-nosed Indian Fruit Bat is a species of bat in the Pteropodidae family. It is found in South and Southeast Asia. These bats have a long nose. The upper part is brown to gray-brown colour and the under parts have paler. The fur is very fine and smooth. The ears and wing bones of the bats are white edge. The teeth of lower cheek rounded without accessory cusps. An adult wing is about 48 cm. Junior is lighter than adults. The average forearm length 70.2 mm. It is the only mammal that can fly. Somehow it is bird-like such as Laughing Kookaburra. Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae
Genus: Cynopterus
Species: C. sphinx Diagram
Greater Short-nosed fruit bats are distributed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The habbitat of it is similar to Indian Peafowl. This species of fruit bat is found in South and Southeast Asia, from Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines. They have many different size and color of subspecies.
They are common in tropical forests, where fruit crop acreage. They can also be found in the grass and mangroves. They usually nest in the height of palm tree. Bat bite the hand of the leaf structure is very simple tent. These bats are also known as the structure closely intertwined with branches, leaves and vines climbing tents, covers the construction, but construction of the nest only palm is not available.
Generally, they are found at lower altitudes. The habitats are including agricultural areas, forested regions and parks in cities. They can also be found from Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Island, Borneo and Sulawesi which is ranging wide.
Behavioural 1 Giving birth
Under favourable conditions, fewer women gave birth to a short-nose fruit bat pup twice a year, once between mid-January to mid-April and another between mid-June and early in October. Pregnancy for 5 to 6 months of the pups at birth does not necessarily appear in the flower or fruit. Female carry their pups in flight for a few months after birth, until it has learned to fly with confidence. Young grow to be sexually mature at 7 months. Usually, they give birth to their first pup at over one year old. As the environmental pressure of the food and roots are decrease, the bats may not give birth often.
Behavioural 2 Hanging upside down
Bats are unlike birds that hanging upside down put them in a position to takeoff. They can’t launch into the air from the ground. Their wings are too light that they can’t lift to takeoff from a dead stop. Also, it is a good way to hide from danger. The bats do not need to do anything to hang upside down. It only needs energy to release stretching muscles and pull its claws open. As the claws close is relax for the bats, the bats will continue to be upside down after they died. Same as the environmental pressures of having hind feet, they need to hide from others animals or human attack.
Its hind feet enable it to hang from its habitat such as branches when it roosts or feeds. The five toes on hind foot and the “thumb” of the forelimb are curved claws. In some species, the second finger has claws. It supports on the toes of the bat while it is resting or hanging the head down from the roof or a branch. As there are many other animals attack the bats so they need the curved claws to hang on a roof to hide.
Structural 2 Forelimbs Fruit bats like other bats such as Vampire Bat that have very long and webbed fingers that uses as wings. The skeletons of flying wings are supported by the arm bone and the second to the fifth finger bones. The thumb is like a claw that can be used for crawling, carding fur and so on. Some species of bats are using it to fight and grab food. As environmental pressures that the habitat becomes fewer, they have to carry more fruit and this means their wing loading increase. They have to fly faster to expend more energy.
Physiological Diet
Their diet consist figs, mangoes, guavas, bananas and other tropical fruits. Some bats eat nectar through pollination. Their tastes like humans very much. They prefer sweet, aromatic and juicy fruit. Once they eat, they eat right at the place they find the food or take other places to enjoy. This is not a rare fruit bat that shattered the fruit and drinks fruit juice, while the rest of the pulp down to the ground, rot. The pollination of some fruit bats gets nutrition, nectar, hence to create a symbiotic relationship. Large fruit bats must eat a lot as fed. The big bat, in the form of a cystic formation started in the stomach increases side. Insect-eating bats have large intestine. As the environment pressures that in past there are not too much meat, they have to change diet to have fruit.
< Ancient animal: RhamphorhynchusFuture animal: Board-wing fruit bat >
Greater Short-nosed fruit bat
Introduction
The Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) also known as Short-nosed Indian Fruit Bat is a species of bat in the Pteropodidae family. It is found in South and Southeast Asia. These bats have a long nose. The upper part is brown to gray-brown colour and the under parts have paler. The fur is very fine and smooth. The ears and wing bones of the bats are white edge. The teeth of lower cheek rounded without accessory cusps. An adult wing is about 48 cm. Junior is lighter than adults. The average forearm length 70.2 mm. It is the only mammal that can fly. Somehow it is bird-like such as Laughing Kookaburra.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae
Genus: Cynopterus
Species: C. sphinx
Diagram
Habitat
They are common in tropical forests, where fruit crop acreage. They can also be found in the grass and mangroves. They usually nest in the height of palm tree. Bat bite the hand of the leaf structure is very simple tent. These bats are also known as the structure closely intertwined with branches, leaves and vines climbing tents, covers the construction, but construction of the nest only palm is not available.
Generally, they are found at lower altitudes. The habitats are including agricultural areas, forested regions and parks in cities. They can also be found from Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Island, Borneo and Sulawesi which is ranging wide.
Source: http://www.bio.bris.ac.uk/research/bats/China%20bats/cynopterussphinx.htm
Adaptations
Behavioural 1
Giving birth
Under favourable conditions, fewer women gave birth to a short-nose fruit bat pup twice a year, once between mid-January to mid-April and another between mid-June and early in October. Pregnancy for 5 to 6 months of the pups at birth does not necessarily appear in the flower or fruit. Female carry their pups in flight for a few months after birth, until it has learned to fly with confidence. Young grow to be sexually mature at 7 months. Usually, they give birth to their first pup at over one year old. As the environmental pressure of the food and roots are decrease, the bats may not give birth often.
Behavioural 2
Hanging upside down
Bats are unlike birds that hanging upside down put them in a position to takeoff. They can’t launch into the air from the ground. Their wings are too light that they can’t lift to takeoff from a dead stop. Also, it is a good way to hide from danger. The bats do not need to do anything to hang upside down. It only needs energy to release stretching muscles and pull its claws open. As the claws close is relax for the bats, the bats will continue to be upside down after they died. Same as the environmental pressures of having hind feet, they need to hide from others animals or human attack.
Structural 1
Hind feet
Structural 2
Forelimbs
Source: http://anthropologynet.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/forelimb-comparison-of-human-cat-whale-bat.jpg
Physiological
Diet
Their diet consist figs, mangoes, guavas, bananas and other tropical fruits. Some bats eat nectar through pollination. Their tastes like humans very much. They prefer sweet, aromatic and juicy fruit. Once they eat, they eat right at the place they find the food or take other places to enjoy. This is not a rare fruit bat that shattered the fruit and drinks fruit juice, while the rest of the pulp down to the ground, rot. The pollination of some fruit bats gets nutrition, nectar, hence to create a symbiotic relationship. Large fruit bats must eat a lot as fed. The big bat, in the form of a cystic formation started in the stomach increases side. Insect-eating bats have large intestine. As the environment pressures that in past there are not too much meat, they have to change diet to have fruit.
Bibliography
Cynopterus sphinx. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynopterus_sphinx.html
Fruit bats. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.thewildones.org/Animals/fruitBat.html
Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (cynopterus brachyotis). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/lesser-short-nosed-fruit-bat/cynopterus-brachyotis/info.html